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171 TENSES IN ENGLISH

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Bu tense‟in Türkçe‟de karşılığı yoktur. Bu yüzden bu tense‟in öğrenilmesi hem bizim için
hem de diğer Avrupa dillerini konuşanlar için biraz zorluk arz ediyor. Öğrenciler bunu genel-
likle past tense ile karıştırırlar. Önce yapısını inceleyelim daha sonra kullanımına geçelim.
Örneklerle past tense’ten farkı rahatlıkla anlaşılacaktır:

 YAPI

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
(Olumlu) (Olumsuz) (Soru)
I have lost the key. I have not lost the key. Have I lost the key?
You have lost the key. You have not lost the key. Have you lost the key?
He has lost the key. He has not lost the key. Has he lost the key?
She has lost the key. She has not lost the key. Has she lost the key?
It has lost the key. It has not lost the key. Has it lost the key?
We have lost the key. We have not lost the key. Have we lost the key?
They have lost the key. They have not lost the key. Have they lost the key?
Negative interrogative: Have you not lost the key? veya
(Olumsuz soru) Haven‟t you lost the key? gibi

Üstteki tabloda görüldüğü gibi;

Affirmative (Olumlu) cümlelerde I, you, we, they öznelerinden sonra „have’ yardımcı fiili
getirilir ondan sonra fiilin -düzensiz ise- 3. hali, düzenli ise fiile –ed eklenir:

I have finished my homework.
He has compiled much more information than he needed.
Students have objected to new arrangements of their university.

Negative (Olumsuz) cümlelerde have/has yardımcı fiillerinden sonra not (have
not=haven‟t, has not=hasn‟t ) getirilir:

They haven’t fulfilled many of their ambitions.
He has not sent my letter yet.
We haven’t reached a complete solution so far.

Interrogative (Soru) cümlelerde yardımcı fiil, have/has, cümlenin başına getirilir.

Have you switched the ignition on?
Has she lent you her dictionary yet?
Have they worked all day long?