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ADVERBS

-ly ile biten sıfatlar ve bunların zarf olarak kullanımı:

İngilizce'de -ly ile bitmesine rağmen sıfat olarak kullanılan kelimeler vardır. Bunlardan
bazıları:

brotherly/sisterly cowardly elderly manly/unmanly lovely friendly/unfriendly,
likely/unlikely heavenly lively motherly/fatherly sickly silly, ugly etc.

Motherly hands touched him lightly, lovingly.
The children here are quite friendly with one another.
It’s lovely and warm in here.
Jack laughed a deep, manly laugh.
Bob was a sickly and ineffective man.

Bunlardan birini zarf olarak kullanmak istiyorsak, way, manner, fashion gibi sözcükler
kullanırız:

We behaved in a cowardly way.
Ali talked to me in a friendly way/manner/fashion.

Yapısı ve manası aynı olup da hem sıfat hem de zarf olarak kullanılan kelimeler:

Mike is a fast runner (=sıfat)
Mike is running fast (=zarf)

He played fair. (=zarf)
He made a fair decision. (=sıfat)

They had a hard work yesterday (=sıfat)
They worked hard yesterday. (=zarf)

Bu şekildeki kelimeler:

airmail, all day, all right, best, better, big, cheap, clean, clear, close, cold, daily,
dear, dead, deep, direct, dirty, downtown, duty-free, early, easy, everyday, extra,
fair, far, farther, fast, fine, firm, first, free, further, hard, high, home, hourly,
inside, kindly, last, late, long, low, month, outside, overseas, past, quick, quiet,
right, sharp, slow, straight, sure, thin, thick, through, tight, weekly, well, wide,
worse, wrong, yearly.

İki yapıya sahip olan zarflar:

Bazı zarflar iki yapıda da aynı manaya gelirler; bazıları ise farklı manaya gelirler. Örneklerle
inceleyelim:

loud : He spoke loud/loudly. (Sesli bir şekilde konuştu : iki yapısı da aynı manada)
hard : They studied hard today.(Bugün sıkı ders çalıştılar)
They did hardly any work today.(Bugün hemen hemen hiçbir iş yapmadılar)