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THE PASIVE VOICE 212

▀ ‘By phrase’ in passive voice (Edilgen çatıda ‘by phrase’ )

Edilgen cümlede eylemi yapan kişi by phrase ile belirtilir:

The manager dismissed Ann for her inefficiency.
Ann was dismissed for her inefficiency by the manager.

The authorities must take immediate actions against drug smuggling.
Immediate actions must be taken against drug smuggling by the authorities.

Üstteki örneklerde gördüğümüz gibi by phrase edilgen cümlede eylemin kim tarafından yapıl-
dığını belirtmek için kullanılmıştır. Ama, eylemi yapan kişi (agent) önemli değilse by phra-
se’in kullanılmasına gerek yoktur:

They cancelled all the flights due to the bad weather conditions.
All the flights were cancelled due to the bad weather conditions.

 By phrase genellikle build, compose, damage, design, destroy, discover, invent, make,
wreck, gibi fiillerle kullanılır:

These buildings were built by the local council.

The telescope was invented by Galileo.

All of these songs were composed by Pavarotti.

The ball-point pen was invented by Lazslo.

America was discovered by Colombus.

▀ ‘Get + past participle’ in passive voice (Edilgen çatıda get + ‘past partciple’ )

Get fiili genellikle konuşma dilinde be fiilinin yerine kullanılır. Become fiilini de bazen be fiili
yerine kullanabiliriz:

Last week all the houses in our town were destroyed by the fire.
Last week all the houses in our town got destroyed by the fire.

The mayor’s son was kidnapped last night.
The mayor’s son got kidnapped last night.

 Get fiilini, aynı zamanda, sıfatları durum bildiren yapıdan eylem bildiren yapıya
dönüştürmek için kullanabiliriz:

She couldn’t lock the door because the key was lost.
(Kapıyı kilitleyemedi çünkü anahtar kayıptı)