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261 PARTICIPLES

Zıtlık belirten zarf cümlecikleri (adverbial clauses of concession)’nin yerine kullanılır:

Although we lack finance, we will go on our project.
Although lacking finance, we will go on our project.
(Mali eksiğimiz olmasına rağmen projemize devam edeceğiz)

While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
While admitting that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved
(Problemlerin olduğunu kabul etmeme karşılık, onların çözülemeyeceği fikrine katılmıyorum)

Koşul cümlecikleri (conditional sentences)’nin yerine kullanılır:

 Present participle unless’den sonra gelmelidir:

Unless you take hasty action, you can’t get rid of these problems.
Unless taking hasty action, you can’t get rid of these problems.
(Acele önlem almazsan bu problemlerden kurtulamazsın.)

Unless you finish your homework within an hour, you can’t watch television.
Unless finishing your homework within an hour, you can’t watch television.
(Bir saat içerisinde ödevini bitirmezsen, televizyon seyredemezsin.)

Unless we study hard, we won’t be able to pass the exam.
Unless studying hard, we won’t be able to pass the exam.
(Sıkı ders çalışmadıkça sınavı geçemeyeceğiz)

Unless you hurry up, you will miss your train.
Unless hurrying up, you will miss your train.
(Acele etmezsen trenini kaçıracaksın)

Sıfat cümlecikleri (adjective/ relative clauses)’ nin yerine kullanılır:

The secretary who works for an engineering company is our neighbour.
The secretary working for an engineering company is our neighbour.
(Bir mühendislik şirketi için çalışan sekreter bizim komşumuzdur)

The boy who is waiting at the door wants to see you.
The boy waiting at the door wants to see you.
(Kapıda bekleyen çocuk sizinle görüşmek istiyor)

Mr. Genç, who refused my offer yesterday, has changed his mind now.
Mr. Genç, refusing my offer yesterday, has changed his mind.
(Dün teklifimi reddeden Mr. Genç şimdi fikrini değiştirdi)